The process of plain dyeing fabric involves applying a solid, uniform color to the fabric surface.

    Fabric Preparation:
        Pretreatment: The fabric is typically pre-treated to remove any impurities, such as oils, dirt, or sizing agents, that may interfere with dye penetration. This process often involves washing or scouring the fabric.

    Dye Selection:
        Dye Type: The appropriate dye is selected based on the fabric composition, desired color, and the dyeing method to be used. Common dye types include reactive dyes, direct dyes, acid dyes, or disperse dyes, depending on the fabric's fiber content.

    Dye Bath Preparation:
        Dye Solution: The dye is prepared by dissolving it in water, along with any required auxiliary chemicals like leveling agents, salt, or pH modifiers. The dye solution is heated to the appropriate temperature based on the dye and fabric type.

    Dyeing Process:
        Immersion Dyeing: The fabric is immersed in the dye bath, ensuring it is fully submerged and evenly exposed to the dye solution. Agitation or circulation may be used to facilitate dye penetration and even color distribution.
        Time and Temperature: The fabric remains in the dye bath for a specified duration, allowing the dye to bond with the fabric fibers. The temperature is maintained according to the dye manufacturer's instructions, as different dyes require specific temperature ranges for optimum color uptake.
        Rinse and Wash: After dyeing, the fabric is rinsed with water to remove excess dye and any residual chemicals. It may undergo additional washing steps to improve color fastness and remove any unfixed dye.

    Drying and Finishing:
        Drying: The dyed fabric is dried through air-drying or using specialized drying equipment, such as tumble dryers or stenter frames, depending on the fabric type and desired finish.
        Finishing: After drying, the fabric may undergo various finishing processes, such as heat-setting or application of additional treatments (e.g., softeners, wrinkle resistance agents) to enhance the fabric's appearance, feel, or performance.